THE IMPACT OF MATERIAL SOURCING IN ENHANCING ORGANIZATIONAL PROFITABILITY
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title Page………………..i
Certification………….…ii
Dedication………………iii
Acknowledgement……….iv
Table of content……...…v
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objectives of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Scope of the Study
1.6 Research Questions
1.7 Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Definition of Sourcing (Material Sourcing)
2.2 Sourcing Policies/Decision
2.3 Sourcing Decision
2.4 Outsourcing/Insourcing Decision
2.5 Types of Outsourcing
2.6 Types of Sourcing
2.7 Sourcing Process
2.8 Characteristics of Organizational Core Competence
2.9 Factors to Consider before Outsources/Insourcing
2.10 Criteria for Selecting Suppliers for Outsource Contracts
2.11 Suppliers Selection
2.12 Suppliers Performance Evaluation (Vendor Rating)
2.13 Methods of Suppliers Performance Evaluation
2.14 Source of Information on Supply
2.15 Profitability
2.15.1 Perspective on Profit
2.16 Importance of Profit
CHAPTER THREE: Research Methodology
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Area of the Study
3.2 Research Design
3.3 Population of the Study
3.4 Sample and Sampling Procedure
3.5 Instrument for Data Collection
3.6 Administration of the Instrument
3.7 Techniques for Analyzing Data
CHAPTER FOUR: Data Presentation and Analysis
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Presentation of Result
CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY, DISCUSSION, IMPLICATION OF FINDING, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary of Findings
5.2 Discussion of Findings
5.3 Implication of Findings
5.4 Conclusion
5.6 Recommendations
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
Material Sourcing is a set of tangible physical attributes assembly in an identifiable form. That is given the rapid changes in taste, technology and competition, organization will not rely solely on its existing supplier but look forward to get better sources of materials.
An organization can use three ways to minimize cost of sourcing materials, by interviewing her customers, by negotiation with the suppliers, by sourcing for better materials, we mean original material that can go into production and come out with quality product; and in the study, we will be concentrating on material sourcing as a way of increasing an organization’s profitability.
As a matter of fact, sourcing for the right material is like human being whose life span has to be treated to keep it working in order to add value, profit to the organization in the view that organization will not die subsequently. The death of organization lays on the fact that proper material are not acquired.
In the light of the above, it is necessary for organization will adopt the system of sourcing for materials to develop and grow their profitability, to achieve this successfully, sourcing strategies are required to be adopted, these are right material, right price, right negotiation, right place, right qualities, right quantities, right sources, right time etc.
In a nutshell, the study will dwell mainly on the impact of material sourcing to maximize organization profitability.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Most organization especially production oriented organization like Nigeria Breweries spent about 60% to 70% of its annual expenditure on the acquisition of raw materials. Some of the major problems confronting any manufacturing industries are: high cost of materials will affect profit margin of the organization and also incompetence of supplies, if the suppliers are not competent in making right qualities supply will become problem to organization in profitability area.
High cost involved in sourcing suppliers whole material needed for organization. Improper sourcing policy, sourcing for organizational profitability need to be proper that right material will be supplied.
1.3 Objectives of the Study
The purpose or objectives of the study is to examine the impact of material sourcing in enhancing the organizational profitability, its importance, how effective and efficient it is to the overall achievement of the organizational goal and objectives. Under the aspect, the researcher hope to realize the following:
i) To determine the most effective sourcing policies adopted by Nigeria Breweries.
ii) To determine the criteria for selecting supplier in Nigeria Breweries.
iii) To determine the challenges of manager in material sourcing
iv) To determine the impact of material resource on the profitability of Nigeria Breweries.
1.4 Significance of the Study
This research work is conducted primarily to meet the requirements of obtaining the award of Higher National Diploma (HND) in Purchasing and Supply in Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna abides being an academic research. The study will add to the knowledge of the interested individual or group on the subject matter.
The researcher chose this topic to highlight the inherent danger and consequence of adopting poor performance in material delays as problem associated with sourcing with a view of providing solution or applied to sourcing activities in the organization like Nigeria Breweries Plc. It will show the impact in the organization performance and profitability in Nigeria Breweries.
Another vital reason of the study is to contribute to the existing literature in the area of sourcing, types of sourcing, sourcing policy, sourcing process etc for future reference. It will enable a layman in the profession to have first hand information on bio sourcing activities is being carried out. Also the students of the department and other department will find this project an important relevant source of literature review in the area of sourcing ‘material sourcing’ further study will suggest ways that the organization can carryout its sourcing efficiently.
1.5 Scope of the Study
The research will be looking at improve on materials sourcing for organization profitability. This chapter will make use of population size of 100 staff and the research will use the sample size of 20 was adopted from the population of which describe the characteristics of the population.
Secondly, this chapter will strict to the procurement, production and administrative department. The study will take activities of materials and sourcing of Nigeria Breweries Plc in the last 5 years from 2009 to 2013.
1.6 Research Questions
The research question includes:
i) What are the determining factors affecting sourcing policies adopted by Nigeria Breweries?
ii) What are the criteria for selecting suppliers in Nigeria Breweries?
iii) What are the challenges facing managers in materials sourcing?
iv) What are the factors that lead to impact of material sourcing on the profitability of Nigeria Breweries?
1.7 Definition of Terms
⦁ Raw Materials: Are items, which are to be processed through production process to obtain desired finished goods.
⦁ Purchasing: it is the process of ensuring that all the materials required for production made available at the proper time, in the proper quality at a proper place and price.
⦁ Information: Data can be interpreted by an individual to provide meaning, a tangible or tangible entity that reduce uncertainty about a state or an event.
⦁ Sourcing: The event to which buyers search or suppliers to build long term relationship.
⦁ Outsourcing: An arrangement by which one organization provides a service or services for another organization that choses not to perform them in house.
⦁ Negotiation: Is the art and science of arriving at a common understanding through bargaining with essentials of a control, such as price, quality, quantity, delivery, time, terms and condition of services.
⦁ Selecting: Is the process of selecting the right suppliers to source or outsource.
⦁ Bid/Tender: Is an offer made by a supplier, contractor or services provider to a buyer in a response to a direct “written” or indirect “advert” enquiry.
⦁ Biding/Tendering: Is a purchasing procedure by which potential suppliers invited without collusion to present to an organization, a firm and clear offer of price, terms and conditions which upon acceptance of contract.
⦁ Time: When organization cannot meet up with time or cannot complete the whole task within the specified period, the organization can outsource a part of the product in other to meet up with schedules.
⦁ Quality Specification: Is the description of an item, its dimension, analysis, performance or other relevant characteristics in sufficient detail to ensure that it will be suitable in all respect for the purpose it is wanted.
Definition of Sourcing (Material Sourcing)
According to Hassan (2010) define sourcing as a purchasing procedure through which buyers, sales, survey and evaluate suppliers and determine policies relating to those who will most suitable meet the requirement of the organization (p. 99).
Lysons and Farington (2006) define sourcing as the process of identifying, select and developing suppliers key purchasing activities. Sourcing can be either tactical and operational or strategic buds (p. 367).
Sourcing Policies/Decision
According to Hassan (2010), sourcing decision is arguably one of the most important purchasing decisions to be made by managers. It is generally believed that once a “correct’ choice of supply source is made, then needs of the organization would be met. He went on to say that, a lot of factors are considered in making sourcing decision.
Which product or services best fit needs or whether to produce what we consume or to buy from outside supplier – make or buy. Whether to lease or buy, if we are to buy, do we buy locally, nationally or internationally? Do we use or buy from one supplier (single source) from several (multiple source). Do we enter into partnership or engage in reciprocal agreements, negotiation or bidding and to buy from distributions or direct from manufacture.
Sourcing Decision
Hassan (2010) posits that sourcing decision is arguably one of the most important purchasing decisions to be made by managers. The stated that it is generally believed that once a “correct” choice of supply source is made then need of the organization would met adding that this state over simplifies a very complex situation. He further stressed that a lot of factors are considered in making sourcing decision. But the question that must be addressed by the purchasing manager is which products or services best fit needs or whether to produce what we consumer or buy from outside suppliers (make or buy) another issue is whether to lease or buy. If we are to buy, do we buy locally, nationally or internally? Do we make or buy from one single or multiple suppliers? Again, do we enter into partnership or engage in reciprocal agreements, negotiations or biding and to buy from distributors or direct from manufacture.
Outsourcing/Insourcing Decision
Companies need to decide whether outsource or insource; the decision to outsourcing or insourcing is generally a sort of make or buy decision. In order to concentrate on strategies of the firms activities, organization must let go of non-core areas while insourcing is still a main stay in some organization, outsourcing has become increasingly popular with others as they seek to cut down cost, effort and time taken to complete a business process.
According to Hassan (2008), outsourcing “is the process by which an organization contracts out services and operations that are usually conducted in house to other firms that can do better or perform well, cheaper and faster by contract”.
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