GENERATION OF CONSTANT POWER SUPPLY FROM A DC SOURCE
ABSTRACT
Generation of constant power supply from a dc source is designed to limit unstable power supply in our society which is a major challenge in our country Nigeria today.
Thus, this work critically considered this menace of power fluctuation and methods of reducing or eliminating them by the design of a constant power supply from a dc source and it has the ability to self- charge the battery.
TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle Page i
Approval Page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgment iv
Table of Content v-vi
Abstract vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction 1-2
1. Material Requirement 2-3CHAPTER TWO
1. Literature Review 4
1. Introduction 4
1. History of Energy 4-6CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Design and Methodology 7
1. DC Battery: 7-8
1. Types of Accumulators or Secondary Cells 9
1. Advantages of Lead Acid Battery 9
1. D.C Electric Motor 10
3.5.1 Types of Dc Motor 10-12
1. LIMITATIONS in Dc Motors 12
3.7 Synchronous Alternator (generator) 13-16
3.8 Principle of Operation of Generation of
Constant Power Supply from a DC Source 17
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Result Analysis 18
1. LOSSES in the Generation 18
1. Problems Encountered During Construction 18
1. Safety Precaution to be Observed while
Using the Equipment 19CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation. 20
5.1 Conclusion 20
1. Recommendation 21Reference 22
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Direct current sources are not as easily generated as its alternating current counterpart, the truth is that its importance can not be over looked in our society. A power supply is a device that supplies electrical energy to one or more electric loads.
The term is most commonly applied to devices that convert another form of energy eg (Mechanical, chemical, solar) etc to electrical energy. Every power supply must obtain the energy it supplies to its loads as well as any energy it consumes while performing that task from an energy source, depending on its design. A power supply may obtain energy from any of the following energy
1. Storage devices such as batteries and fuel cells.
1. Electromechanical system such as generators and alternators etc.
This project represents one out of several means by which “Generation of constant power is achieved. However, with a little impart assessment carried out, it is notable that this equipment is environmentally friendly, it emits little or no pollutants, no fuel is required, it is cheaper than the normal constant alternating current power source whereby alternators are driven by prime movers that use fuel to run these arrangement are very bulky, but this project portrays a potable equipment that is appreciably cheap.
1. MATERIAL REQUIREMENT
1. A suitable battery (as a DC source) 100A /12volts
1. A direct current electric motor (as a prime mover) 1760 Rev/Min.
1. A synchronous alternating current Alternator of a suitable capacity.
1. A battery charger that keep the battery afloat.
In this project the design arrangement is a closed system were the output will be taken back to the DC Battery source which serve as the source to the prime mover (DC motor), from the prime mover to the alternator through the aid of a coupling arrangement to the two shaft of the motor and alternator. The motor as the prime mover rotates the armature through the shaft in a magnetic field. The rate at which the conductor cut through the magnetic determines the magnitude field of E.M.F produced.
This E.M.F produced is fed into the load unit, into the battery of charger which keeps the battery afloat and recycles the operation.
CHAPTER TWO
1. LITERATURE REVIEW
1. INTRODUCTION
It will be necessary at this point to survey available research works and textbooks on Generation of constant power supply from a dc source so as to contribute to knowledge without necessarily repeating previous research findings.
1. HISTORY OF ENERGY
According to James C. Williams, Ph.D April 25, (2006). Energy plays a fundamental role in shaping the human conditions and their need for energy is essential for survival. So it is not surprising that energy production and consumption are some of the most important activities of human life, indeed, it has been agreed that energy is the key “to the advance of civilization” that the evolution of human society is dependent on the conversion of energy for human use. Quite simple, human existence has been dominated by the age-old necessity for energy, starting from the age of water power to electrical age. According to V.K MEHTA (2009). principles of electrical machines (2nd edition0). He states that electromechanical energy conversion involves the interchange of energy between an electrical system and mechanical system, though the medium of a coupling electrical field or magnetic field, Also is his counterpart Giorgio Rizzoni (2000). principles and application of electrical engineering (3rd edition) stipulates that magnetic field form a coupling mechanism between electrical and mechanical systems, permitting the conversion of electrical energy to mechanical energy and vice versa. Faraday’s law states that change in magnetic field can induce a voltage.
Thomas Edison was important in the development of electricity. “Edison innovative approach to invention propelled the development of the electric light plus the generation and distribution system”.
In 1880’s his incandescent lamp made possible widespread, reliable, commercial indoor lighting and his pearl street central generating system in Manhanttan became the archetype for electric power generation and distribution.
Considering the level of technological advancement in Nigeria, one will say that we have not actually started compared to other front line countries of the world in terms of technological advancement. However, discoveries have been made in divers engineering, various inventions have emerged for the generation of electricity for research, domestic, industrial and commercial uses respectively.
It is so because, the arrangement eliminates the use of fuel and it is environmentally friendly, potable and durable. Above all, it is affordable.
The constant dc source used in this project will be obtained from a sizable battery which is regarded as the only energy source to the system. The ac alternator delivers the required power as it is primed by the dc motor. The battery is kept afloat through a charger which once the process is switched on, charging of the battery will start and power will be obtained from the machines. The entire components are housed in portable metal casing and means of lifting and handling are provided on the finished product.
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