DEVELOPMENT, FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SINGLE WHEEL DRIVEN BOOM SPRAYER


DEVELOPMENT, FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SINGLE WHEEL DRIVEN BOOM SPRAYER

ABSTRACT

The single wheel driven boom sprayer was developed, fabricated and evaluated for its performance at the department of Agricultural and Bio-environmental engineering workshop, Kwara state polytechnic, Ilorin. The spraying performance was carried out at spraying height of 0.5m, 0.6m and 0.7m respectively. The theoretical  field capacity CT, the effective field capacity CE and  Field efficiency (ŋ) at spraying height of 0.5m  are 0.285ha/hr , 0.165ha/hr and 58%, while at spraying height  0.6m, are 0.273ha/hr, 0.158ha/hr and 57.81% and  at spraying height 0.7m are 0.269ha/hr, 0.155ha/hr and  58.055%  respectively.

-

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page      i

Certification                                      ii

Dedication      iii

Acknowledgements      iv            Abstract      v

Table of content                  vi-viii

 List of Tables           ix

List of Plates                                   x

CHAPTER ONE

1 Introduction       1

1.2Statement of the problem             2

1.3Objective of the project      2  

1.4Justification of the project             3

CHAPTER TWO

2Literature review       4

2.1 Spraying operation       4

2.1.1Spray materials       5

2.1.2Classification of sprayers       6

2.2Types of sprayer       9

2.3Sprayer differences       10

2.3.1Types of hydraulic sprayers             10

2.3.2Types of low volume sprayers      12

2.4Calibration and operation      13

2.5Spraying technique      14

2.6 Factors affecting spraying      15

2.7Spraying machinery      16

2.8 Types of pumps for spraying                   20

CHAPTER THREE

3.0Materials and methods      24

3.1Factors to be considered in the selection      24

of materials

3.2Design Considerations      24

3.3 Design and development of various                         26

Components

3.3.1Knapsack sprayer      26

3.3.2The frame      26

3.3.3Driving wheel      27

3.3.4Crank mechanism      28

3.3.5 The boom       29

3.4Specification of the single wheel driven boom sprayer      30

3.5Description of the single wheel driven boom sprayer      31

CHAPTER FOUR 

4.0Performance Evaluation      32

4.1Experimental procedure      32

4.2Results                  32             

4.2       Results and Discussions       37

CHAPTER FIVE 

5.0Conclusion and recommendation       385.1Conclusion       385.2Recommendation       38

References       39

LIST OF TABLES

 TABLE       TITLE PAGE

  4.2.1 Spraying parameters at spraying height 0.5m 32

  4.2.2Spraying parameters at spraying height 0.6m33

  4.2.3 Spraying parameters at spraying height 0.7m             34

  4.2.4Average spraying data at spray height 0.5,0.6 35

and 0.7           

LIST OF PLATES

    PLATES TITLE         PAGE

     2.1 Hydraulic energy sprayers 6

     2.2Gasoline energy sprayers7

     2.3 Centrifugal energy sprayers 7

     2.4 Roller pump 20

     2.5Diaphragm pump21

     2.6Piston pump22

     2.7 Turbine pump 23

     3.1 Knapsack sprayer 26

     3.2 The Frame 27

     3.3          The wheel   27 

     3.4Maximum and minimum displacement of piston pump29

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 Introduction

Crop yield is reduced by mainly due to attack of pest, diseases and weeds. Chemical control is the popular method adopted for controlling most insects, weed and diseases.  The chemical are applied either by spraying or dusting.  Spraying is one of the most effective and efficient techniques for applying small volume of spray liquid to protect crops.  In conventional methods, manually operated low and high volume hydraulic sprayer and power operated hydraulic sprayer with long boom, long lances or spray gun are used to carry fluid at different targets.  In this method, the time and labor required is more. It is difficult to spray the pesticide uniformly and effectively throughout the crop by conventional method of spraying.  Though this method gives good pest control, it consumes large volume of liquid per plant, great amount of labour and time are required.  Also drip losses are more owing to concern towards protecting environment from pollution by excessive use of pesticide and to economies the spraying method, suitable alternative should be identified.

In Nigeria, diverse farm mechanization scenario as in country due to varied size of the farm holdings and socio economic disparities.  Most farmers in Nigeria are small and marginal land holder.  The spraying operation is done by knapsack sprayer which consumes more time and energy.

Tractor operated sprayers are difficult for adaptation by the farmer due to existing cropping patterns available for field size, field condition during the rainy season.  To overcome these problem requirements for better adapting in the view of a single wheel driven boom sprayer is a better option due to its medium cost and small size implying maneuverability in the small land holding. 

Single wheel driven boom sprayers can fulfill the mechanization gap to do spraying operation at the faster rate.  This shows there is an urgent need to introduce mechanical sprayer in Nigeria farm.  The single wheel driven boom sprayer should be small for easy maneuverability and less expensive for farmers as best source of spraying operation.

1.1      Statement of the problemsThe back mounted knapsack sprayer is associated with the following problemsi.      It consumes more time and labor during spraying operationii.     The output is lowiii.    The uniformity and efficiency is inadequate

1.2 Objectives of the Project

The main objective of the research is to design, develop and evaluate a boom for a Knapsack sprayer.  The specific objectives for the research are:

I. To design and fabricate a single wheel driven boom sprayer.

II. To evaluate the performance of a single wheel driven boom sprayer.

1.3 Justifications of the Project

The justications of the project are basically:

I. To control the growth of weeds not comporting with crop planted

II. To reduce human labor for controlling weed  in the field

III. To improve the quality and quantity of the crop planted

To increase the income of the farmers.

.

DEVELOPMENT, FABRICATION AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SINGLE WHEEL DRIVEN BOOM SPRAYER



TYPE IN YOUR TOPIC AND CLICK SEARCH.






RESEARCHWAP.NET
Researchwap.net is an online repository for free project topics and research materials, articles and custom writing of research works. We’re an online resource centre that provides a vast database for students to access numerous research project topics and materials. Researchwap.net guides and assist Postgraduate, Undergraduate and Final Year Students with well researched and quality project topics, topic ideas, research guides and project materials. We’re reliable and trustworthy, and we really understand what is called “time factor”, that is why we’ve simplified the process so that students can get their research projects ready on time. Our platform provides more educational services, such as hiring a writer, research analysis, and software for computer science research and we also seriously adhere to a timely delivery.

TESTIMONIES FROM OUR CLIENTS


Please feel free to carefully review some written and captured responses from our satisfied clients.

  • "Exceptionally outstanding. Highly recommend for all who wish to have effective and excellent project defence. Easily Accessable, Affordable, Effective and effective."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "I saw this website on facebook page and I did not even bother since I was in a hurry to complete my project. But I am totally amazed that when I visited the website and saw the topic I was looking for and I decided to give a try and now I have received it within an hour after ordering the material. Am grateful guys!"

    Hilary Yusuf, United States International University Africa, Nairobi, Kenya.
  • "Researchwap.net is a website I recommend to all student and researchers within and outside the country. The web owners are doing great job and I appreciate them for that. Once again, thank you very much "researchwap.net" and God bless you and your business! ."

    Debby Henry George, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, USA.
  • "Great User Experience, Nice flows and Superb functionalities.The app is indeed a great tech innovation for greasing the wheels of final year, research and other pedagogical related project works. A trial would definitely convince you."

    Lamilare Valentine, Kwame Nkrumah University, Kumasi, Ghana.
  • "I love what you guys are doing, your material guided me well through my research. Thank you for helping me achieve academic success."

    Sampson, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
  • "researchwap.com is God-sent! I got good grades in my seminar and project with the help of your service, thank you soooooo much."

    Cynthia, Akwa Ibom State University .
  • "Sorry, it was in my spam folder all along, I should have looked it up properly first. Please keep up the good work, your team is quite commited. Am grateful...I will certainly refer my friends too."

    Elizabeth, Obafemi Awolowo University
  • "Am happy the defense went well, thanks to your articles. I may not be able to express how grateful I am for all your assistance, but on my honour, I owe you guys a good number of referrals. Thank you once again."

    Ali Olanrewaju, Lagos State University.
  • "My Dear Researchwap, initially I never believed one can actually do honest business transactions with Nigerians online until i stumbled into your website. You have broken a new legacy of record as far as am concerned. Keep up the good work!"

    Willie Ekereobong, University of Port Harcourt.
  • "WOW, SO IT'S TRUE??!! I can't believe I got this quality work for just 3k...I thought it was scam ooo. I wouldn't mind if it goes for over 5k, its worth it. Thank you!"

    Theressa, Igbinedion University.
  • "I did not see my project topic on your website so I decided to call your customer care number, the attention I got was epic! I got help from the beginning to the end of my project in just 3 days, they even taught me how to defend my project and I got a 'B' at the end. Thank you so much researchwap.com, infact, I owe my graduating well today to you guys...."

    Joseph, Abia state Polytechnic.
  • "My friend told me about ResearchWap website, I doubted her until I saw her receive her full project in less than 15 miniutes, I tried mine too and got it same, right now, am telling everyone in my school about researchwap.com, no one has to suffer any more writing their project. Thank you for making life easy for me and my fellow students... Keep up the good work"

    Christiana, Landmark University .
  • "I wish I knew you guys when I wrote my first degree project, it took so much time and effort then. Now, with just a click of a button, I got my complete project in less than 15 minutes. You guys are too amazing!."

    Musa, Federal University of Technology Minna
  • "I was scared at first when I saw your website but I decided to risk my last 3k and surprisingly I got my complete project in my email box instantly. This is so nice!!!."

    Ali Obafemi, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Niger State.
  • To contribute to our success story, send us a feedback or please kindly call 2348037664978.
    Then your comment and contact will be published here also with your consent.

    Thank you for choosing researchwap.com.